Rising CD4 counts and suppressed viral load on antiretroviral treatment have had a far greater impact on reducing new cases of tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV in Switzerland than testing and preventive treatment for latent TB, researchers from the Swiss HIV Cohort report in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases.

A second daily dose of dolutegravir for people taking standard TB treatment seems to be unnecessary, a South African randomised study has reported in the journal Lancet HIV.

An all-oral treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) recently recommended as a new standard of care by the World Health Organization is effective and safe in people living with HIV, Dr Ilaria Motta of Médecins sans Frontières reported at the 24th International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2022) in Montreal.

A large campaign in Uganda to ramp up HIV testing and immediate HIV treatment reduced the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the intervention communities by 27% after one year, underlining the potential impact of HIV-related investments on wider population health, investigators of the SEARCH study reported at the 24th International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2022).

Pregnant women with HIV who took isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis were more likely to have a live birth and less likely to experience a miscarriage, South African researchers reported this week at the Union World Conference On Lung Health.

Tuberculosis incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is falling too slowly to meet global targets of an 80% reduction by 2030, and where incidence is falling, the decline is strongly associated with the extent of antiretroviral coverage in people living with HIV, a study by former World Health Organization modelling experts has found.

Use of the TB LAM test in people with HIV with CD4 counts below 200 boosted the number of people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) by a third, an observational study in Malawi and Mozambique has found. Almost half of TB cases would have been missed if LAM had not been included in the diagnostic algorithm, showing that the test is useful in a far wider population than currently recommended.

As many as one in five people attending an HIV clinic in Malawi had prolonged exposure to another patient with potentially infectious tuberculosis (TB) during the course of a year, according to a review of how people subsequently diagnosed with active TB overlapped in clinic attendance with other patients, published in the journal AIDS.

The four-symptom screen for active tuberculosis (TB) that is recommended for all people living with HIV in lower-income settings is less likely to detect active TB in people taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may be improved by the additional use of a chest x-ray, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Screening for TB and intensified follow-up of TB cases in people starting antiretroviral therapy and urine-based screening of inpatients with HIV both have the potential to significantly reduce deaths and improve rates of TB treatment in people with HIV, according to results of two large studies presented at CROI 2018 on Monday in Boston.